Grounding resistance and soil resistivity testers
MODELS 10, 11, 21, 120, 120 HD, 200 and 200 GPS
AMRU-10
Earthing resistance meter
- Basic measurements of earthing under all conditions
Tap resistance measurement of land
- Earthing resistances by the technical method (3p).
- Resistances by the bipolar method (2p).
Features
- Resistance measurements of auxiliary electrodes rh and rs.
- Disturbance voltage measurements up to 100 v.
- Indication of the status of batteries or accumulators.
- Choice of measuring voltage (25 v and 50 v) automatic switch-off function.
Descripción
MRU-10 is a simple meter that enables measurements by the technical method as well as the measurement of earthing resistance by the bipolar method. The device is characterised by ease of operation, high resistance to interference and high accuracy.
housing as well as the large, easy-to-read display make the device ideal for use in the field and in most working environments. The device stands out for its simple operation and intuitive handling. It is the best choice for electrical installation contractors, technicians and grounding measurement specialists.
MRU-10 is a simple to operate meter for earth resistance measurements. It is a basic device for testing the quality of the earthing circuit on the basis of the measurement result. Its ergonomic design, rugged and compact
Technical specifications
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Disturbing tension | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(10% v.m. + 1 digit) |
| Earthing resistance | ||||
| 2p method | 0,00…9999 Ω | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | form ±(3% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| 0,53…9999 Ω | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | ||
| 3p method | 0,53…9999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(3% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| resistance of auxiliary electrodes | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% + 8 digits) |
| Safety and conditions of use | |
|---|---|
| Measurement category according to EN 61010-1 | III 300 V |
| Housing protection | IP67 |
| Type of insulation according to EN 61010-1 and IEC 61557 | double |
| Dimensions | 221 x 102 x 62 mm |
| Weight | ca. 660 g |
| Working temperature | -10…+50°C |
| Storage temperature | -20…+60°C |
| Humidity | 20…90% |
| Nominal temperature | 23 ± 2°C |
| Nominal humidity | 40%…60% |
| Height above sea level | ≤2000 m |
| Other features | |
|---|---|
| Quality standard - development, design and manufacture | ISO 9001 |
| The product complies with the EMC requirements according to the standard | EN 61326-1 EN 61326-2-2 |
Standard accessories
Cable 2.2 m CAT III/1000 V CAT IV/600V (banana plugs) black
WAPRZ2X2BLBB
Black crocodile 1 kV 20 A WAKROBL20K01
Meter harness (type M1) WAPOZSZE4 Bracket - M1 hook for the meter WAPOZUCH1
15 m red cable for measuring earthing on reel (banana plugs) WAPRZ015REBBN
4 x 1.5 V AA battery, LR6
Case M6 WAFUTM6
30 m yellow cable for measurement reel grounding (banana plugs) WAPRZ030YEBBN
2 x soil penetration probe (25 cm) WASONG25 Certificate of calibration
Additional accessories
Cable 1.2 m (connectors type banana) black / blue / yellow WAPRZ1X2BLBB
Crocodile 1 kV 20 A red / blue / yellow WAKRORE20K02 WAKROBU20K02 WAKROYE20K02
25 / 30 m cable for measuring earth on reel (banana plug) red
15 m cable for measuring earth on reel (banana plugs) blue WAPRZ015BUBBSZ
WAPRZ025REBBSZ WAPRZ030REBBSZ
Cable on reel, red 75 m / 100 m / 200 m WAPRZ075REBBSZ WAPRZ100REBBSZ WAPRZ200REBBSZ
Cable on reel, blue 75 m / 100 m / 200 m
WAPRZ075BUBBSZ WAPRZ100BUBBSZ WAPRZ200BUBBSZ
Probe to be driven Screw clamp into the ground (banana plug) WASONG30 WAZACIMA1WASONG80
Reel for winding up the measuring cable WAPOZSZP1
Calibration certificate issued by accredited laboratory
1 kV tip probe (banana plug) black blue / yellow
WASONBUOGB1 WASONBLOGB1 WASONYEOGB1
50 m cable for measuring earth on reel (banana plugs) yellow
WAPRZ050YEBBSZ
Cable on reel, yellow 75 m / 100 m / 200 m WAPRZ075YEBBSZ WAPRZ100YEBBSZ WAPRZ200YEBBSz
Cover L3 WAFUTL3
AMRU-11
Earthing resistance meter and soil resistivity
- Easy way to measure wear grounding and resistivity
>20 mA soil resistivity without measuring conversion short-circuit current
Resistance measurement on the ground
- Soil resistivity.
- Earthing resistance by 3-wire and 4-wire method with auxiliary electrodes.
- Resistance of the test sample by means of the 2-wire.
Features
- Resistance of auxiliary electrodes Rh and Rs.
- Interference voltage measurement at 100 v.
- Battery status indication.
- Selection of maximum measuring voltage (25 v and 50 v).
- Automatic shutdown function.
Description
The MRU-11 is a simple meter that allows you to measure grounding using the technical method (3 and 4-wire) and soil resistivity using the Wenner method. The instrument is easy to operate, resistant to interference and highly accurate.
The MRU-11 is a basic device that allows the quality of the earthing system to be verified on the basis of the measurement result received. Its ergonomic shape, Its durable, sturdy housing and large, clear display make this instrument ideal for use in the field as well as in most working environments. The device is simple to operate and intuitive. It is the best choice for electrical installation contractors, technicians and professionals dealing with grounding measurements.
Technical specifications
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interference voltage | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(10% m.v. + 1 digit) |
| Resistance to earth | ||||
| 2-wire method | 0,00…9999 Ω | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(3% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| 3-wire and 4-wire method | 0,53…9999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(3% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| auxiliary electrode resistance | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% + 8 digits) |
| Earth resistivity | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | from 0,1 Ωm | Depends on the basic measurement uncertainty RE in the 4p system, but is not less than ± 1 digit |
| Safety and conditions of use | |
|---|---|
| Measurement category according to EN 61010 | III 300 V |
| Degree of protection | IP67 |
| Type of insulation according to EN 61010-1 and IEC 61557 | double |
| Dimensions | 221 x 102 x 62 mm |
| Weight | ca. 660 g |
| Working temperature | -10…+50°C |
| Storage temperature | -20…+60°C |
| Humidity | 20…90% |
| Nominal temperature | 23 ± 2°C |
| Nominal humidity | 40%…60% |
| Height above sea level | ≤2000 m |
| Other features | |
| Quality standard - development, design and manufacture | ISO 9001 |
| The product complies with the EMC requirements according to the standard | EN 61326-1 EN 61326-2-2 |
Standard accessories
AMRU-21
Earthing resistance meter
- Basic measurements of earthing and continuity of connections
ρ aR Ω a Ωm
Soil resistivity without manual conversion
Measurement methods
Capacities
- 3-wire method – measuring earthing with auxiliary probes.
- 2-wire method – simplified measurement of earthing resistance.
- Resistance of earthing and compensatingconductors at current ≥200 mA with auto-zero function: complies with the requirements of EN 61557-4.
The large, easy-to-read display shows resistance values and help information in all weather conditions. Additional warnings inform the user about irregularities during the measurement.
The IP54 protective housing ensures safety of use during severe weather conditions and lack of concern about splashing.
Additional features
- Resistance measurement of auxiliary electrodes RS and RH.
- Interference voltage measurement.
- Selection of maximum measuring voltage (25 V and 50 V).
- Resistance zeroing function of measuring conductors (RCONT zero) for electrical installation, technicians and specialists involved in earthing measurements.
Application
MRU-21 was designed to provide customers with a measuring instrument that is reliable in operation, technically advanced and at the same time easy to use. It works very well in testing in industrial plants as well as companies providing electrical measurement services. MRU-21 allows testing of single earth electrodes as well as multiple earthing systems.electrical, technicians and specialists engaged in earthing measurements.
The results can be stored in the device’s memory. It is divided into 10 banks of 99 cells, each corresponding to one measurement. These results can be easily transferred to Reader software for archiving or further analysis and research.
Technical data
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interference voltage | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| Connection and resistance of equi- potential bonding | 0,13 Ω…199 Ω according to EN 61557-4 | 0,00 Ω…199 Ω | from 0,01 | ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| Resistance to earth | ||||
| 2-wire method | 0,00 Ω…1,99 kΩ | 0,00 Ω…1,99 kΩ | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| 3-wire method | 0,53…9999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00…9999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| auxiliary electrode resistance | 0 Ω…50,0 kΩ | 0 Ω…50,0 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% (RE+RH+RS) + 3 digits) |
| Safety and conditions of use | |
|---|---|
| Measurement category according to EN 61010 | III 600 V / IV 300 V |
| Income protection | IP54 |
| Type of insulation according to EN 61010-1 and IEC 61557 | double |
| Dimensions | 288 x 223 x 75 mm |
| Weight | ca. 1,4 kg |
| Working temperature | -10…+55°C |
| Storage temperature | -20…+70°C |
| Humidity | 20…90% |
| Nominal temperature | 23 ± 2°C |
| Reference humidity | 40%…60% |
| Communication memory | |
|---|---|
| Memory of measured results | 990 results |
| Data transmission | USB |
| Other information | |
|---|---|
| Norma de calidad: desarrollo, diseño y producción | ISO 9001 |
| The product complies with EMC requirements (immunity for industrial environments) | EN 61326-1 EN 61326-2-2 |
AMRU-120
Earthing resistance meter and soil resistivity
200 mA
Measuring Soil resistivity without currentmanual conversion
Measurement methods
- 3-wire and 4-wire method – measurement of earthing with auxiliary probes.
- 3 wire clamp method – the measurement of multiple earthings.
- Soil resistivity – Wenner method.
Additional features
- Measuring current 200 mA – facilitates earth resistance measurements on difÏcult ground (sand, stony ground).
- Resistance measurement of auxiliary electrodes RS and RH.
- Interference voltage measurement.
- Measurement in the presence of interference voltage generated by mains systems with 50 Hz and 60 Hz frequencies.
- Selection of maximum measuring voltage (25 V and 50 V).
- Automatic calculation of soil resistivity at ohm metre (Ωm) and ohm foot (Ωft).
- Memory of 990 measurement results (10 banks of 99 cells).
- Calibration of clamp used.
- Real Time Clock (RTC).
- Data transmission to the computer.
- Battery indication.
- Resistance of earthing and compensating conductors at current ≥200 mA with self-zeroing function: complies with the requirements of EN 61557-4.
Application
MRU-120 was designed for the toughest working conditions. It generates a measuring current of more than 200 mA, which makes it possible to effectively measure the earthing of power installations, such as transformer stations or power plants.
Thanks to methods using clamps, it is not necessary to disconnect the control connectors, which is sometimes a very tedious operation. This plays a special role when working on objects exposed to weather conditions, where the connection elements sometimes corrode or tarnish.
The graphical user interface provides readings clear and explicit messages.
Protection and equipment
The housing of the MRU-120 enables safe working outside as well as inside buildings. The IP54 protection protects the device against water and solids in case of splashes or heavy dust. In addition, the housing provides excellent protection during transport and handling. The extensive standard equipment allows most measurements to be carried out without the need to purchase additional accessories. MRU-120 is a versatile solution offering complete grounding control.
Capacities
The measurement methods available in the device allow a comprehensive control of the working and protective earth connection. The calibration function of the test leads eliminates the influence of their resistance on the result. However, this is only the beginning.
- The four-wire method provides a very accurate measurement of the expected small resistance values: it eliminates the resistance of the test leads connecting the meter to ground.
- Continuity measurement of protective conductors and equipotential bondings with a current greater than 200 mA meets the requirements of EN 61557-4.
- Before performing the measurement, the meter checks whether the tested object is under excessive interference voltage, which may indicate additional problems.
Report and results
The results can be stored in the device’s memory. It is divided into 10 banks of 99 cells, each corresponding to one measurement. These results can be easily transferred to Reader software for archiving or further analysis and research.
Other functions of use
Integrated help – additional pictures show how to perform the measurement correctly for each method.
Connection correction - if the meter detects an error that does not allow a correct measurement to be made, it will signal this fact at the top of the display using the appropriate symbol of the measurement socket.
Measurement data set - in addition to measuring earth resistance, additional measurements of interference voltages and resistance of auxiliary probes are performed. The results contain information on the date and time of the test, which facilitates the creation of measurement documentation.
Technical data
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interference voltage | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| Connection and resistance of equi- potential bonding | 0,24 Ω…19,9 kΩ according to EN 61557-4 | 0,00 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 0,01 Ω | ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| Resistance to earth | ||||
| 3- and 4-wire method | 0,30 Ω…19,9 kΩ according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| 3-wire method + clamps | 0,44 Ω…1999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00…1999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(8% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| 2-wire method | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | ±(5% (RE+RH+RS) + 8 digits), but ≥10% RE |
| auxiliary electrode resistance | 0 Ω…50,0 kΩ | 0 Ω…50,0 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% (RE+RH+RS) + 3 digits) |
| Safety and conditions of use | |
|---|---|
| Measurement category according to EN 61010 | III 600 V / IV 300 V |
| Income protection | IP54 |
| Type of insulation according to EN 61010-1 and IEC 61557 | double |
| Dimensions | 288 x 223 x 75 mm |
| Weight | ca. 2 kg |
| Working temperature | -10…+50°C |
| Storage temperature | -20…+80°C |
| Humidity | 20…85% |
| Nominal temperature | 23 ± 2°C |
| Reference humidity | 40%…60% |
| Communication memory | |
|---|---|
| Memory of measured results | 990 results |
| Data transmission | USB |
| Other information | |
|---|---|
| Quality standard: development, design and production | ISO 9001 |
| The product complies with EMC requirements (immunity for industrial environments). | EN 61326-1 EN 61326-2-2 |
AMRU-120HD
Grounding resistance and soil resistivity tester
200 mA Measuring Soil resistivity without currentmanual conversion
Measurement methods
- 3 and 4-wire method - grounding measurement with auxiliary probes.
- 3-wire clamp method - the measurement of multiple earthings.
- Two-clamp method - the measurement of earthing when auxiliary probes cannot be used.
- Soil resistivity - Wenner method
- Resistance of earthing and compensating conductors at current ≥200 mA with auto-zero function: complies with the requirements of EN 61557-4.
Additional features
- Excellent resistance to harsh environmental conditions: case shell protects against dust and water ingress and drop protection.
- Resistance measurement of auxiliary electrodes RS and RH.
- Interference voltage measurement.
- Measurement at the presence of the interference voltage generated by mains systems with 50 Hz or 60 Hz frequencies.
- Selection of maximum measuring voltage (25 V and 50 V).
- Automatic calculation of soil resistivity at ohm metre (Ωm) and ohm foot (Ωft).
- Memory of 990 measurement results (10 banks of 99 cells).
- Calibration of clamp used.
- Real Time Clock (RTC).
- Data transmission to the computer.
- Battery indication.
Application
MRU-120HD was created for the most difÏcult working conditions. It generates a measuring current in excess of 200 mA, which provides effective measurements of the grounding of power objects such as transformer stations and power plants.
a very tedious operation. This plays a special role when working on objects exposed to weather conditions, where the connecting elements sometimes corrode or tarnish.
Graphical user interface provides clear readings and explicit messages.
Thanks to the methods using clamps, it is not necessary to disconnect the control connectors, which s sometimes
Transport and security
It doesn’t matter if you take measurements while walking in the mud or working in the sand amidst clouds of dust. The MRU-120HD meter is ready and will not disappoint.
The IP67 protection rating when the cover is closed ensures dust tightness and prevents water ingress, even when the case is briefly submerged.
Capacities
The measurement methods available in the device enable comprehensive control of the working and protective earth connection. The calibration function of the test leads eliminates the influence of their resistance on the result. However, this is only the beginning.
The four-wire method provides a very accurate measurement of the expected small resistance values:
it eliminates the resistance of the test leads connecting the meter to earth.
Measuring the continuity of protective conductors and equipotential bonding with a current greater than 200 mA meets the requirements of EN 61557-4. Before performing the measurement, the meter checks whether the tested object is under excessive interference voltage, which may indicate additional problems.
Report and results
The results can be stored in the device’s memory. It is divided into 10 banks of 99 cells, each corresponding to one measurement. These results can be easily transferred to Reader software for archiving or further analysis and research.
Datos técnicos
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interference voltage | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| Connection and resistance of equi- potential bonding | 0,24 Ω…19,9 kΩ according to EN 61557-4 | 0,00 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 0,01 Ω | ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| Resistance to earth | ||||
| 3 and 4-wire method | 0,30 Ω…19,9 kΩ according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| 3-wire + clamp method | 0,44 Ω…1999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,00…1999 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(8% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| two-clamp method | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | from ±(10% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| auxiliary electrode resistance | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% (RE+RH+RS) + 8 digits), but ≥10% RE |
| Soil resistivity | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | from 0,1 Ωm | Depends on the accuracy of the RE 4p measurement, but not less than ±1 digit |
| Dimensions | 390 x 3 | 310 x 180 mm | ||
| Weight | Ca. 4 kg | |||
| Working temperature | -10...+50ºC |
AMRU-200 / 200 GPS
Earthing resistance meter and soil resistivity
Measurement methods
- Impulse method - lightning protection measurement with measuring impulse with 4/10 μs, 8/20 μs, 10/350 μs flank.
- 3 and 4 wire method - measurement of earthing with auxiliary probes.
- 3 wire clamp method - the measurement of multiple earthings.
- Two-clamp method - the measurement of earthing when auxiliary probes cannot be used.
- Soil resistivity - Wenner method.
- Resistance of earthing and compensating conductors with current ≥200 mA with auto-zero function: meets the requirements of EN 61557-4.
- Measurement of leakage current.
Additional features
- Built-in GPS receiver - saves result and location coordinates (AMRU-200-GPS)
- Resistance measurement of auxiliary electrodes RS and RH.
- Interference voltage measurement.
- Interference frequency measurement.
- Measurement in the presence of interference voltage generated by mains systems with frequency of 16 2/3 Hz, 50 Hz, 60 Hz, 400 Hz.
- Selection of maximum measuring voltage (25 V and 50 V).
- Automatic calculation of soil resistivity at ohm metre (Ωm) and ohm foot (Ωft).
- Memory of 990 measurement results (10 banks of 99 cells).
- Calibration of clamp used.
- Real Time Clock (RTC).
- Data transmission to computer and mobile devices.
- Battery indication.
- Memory of 990 measurement results (10 banks of 99 cells).
Application
The MRU-200 and MRU-200-GPS meters are designed for harsh working conditions. They generate current measurement in excess of 200 mA, which makes it possible to effectively measure the earthing of power installations, such as transformer stations or power plants. Thanks to the clamp-on methods, there is no need to disconnect the control connectors, which is sometimes a very tedious operation. The graphical user interface provides clear readings and explicit messages.
Method of drive
With MRU-200 and MRU-200-GPS it is possible to examine lightning protection earthing, as the meters can simulate lightning strike conditions: they generate currents which are characterised as follows for the standardised sudden rise and time to half-peak. Pulse shapes with 4/10 μs, 8/20 μs, 10/350 μs edge are available.
Works with ERP-1 adapter
The ERP-1 adapter makes it possible to examine earth connections with the flexible clamp. This is particularly useful e.g. in case of electricity masts because it is not necessary to deactivate the lines or to disconnect the control joints. A special algorithm makes it possible to check the current direction for individual measurements and makes it easier to find damage, e.g. a rusty strap.
Capacities
The measurement methods available in the device enable comprehensive control of the working and protective earth connection. The calibration function of the test leads eliminates the influence of their resistance on the result. However, this is only the beginning.
The four-wire method provides a very accurate measurement of the expected small resistance values: it eliminates the resistance of the test leads connecting the meter to ground.
Continuity measurement of protective conductors and equipotential bondings with a current greater than 200 mA meets the requirements of EN 61557-4.
Before performing the measurement, the meter checks if the tested object is under excessive interference voltage, which may indicate.
Report and results
The results can be stored in the device’s memory. It is divided into 10 banks of 99 cells, each corresponding to one measurement. These results can be easily transferred to Reader software for archiving or further analysis and research.
Bluetooth wireless communication interface allows measurement results to be sent to the computer and mobile with the AMRU Mobile app. This means not only the possibility to archive the data, but also to send it directly from the measurement site as an e-mail.
Technical data
| Measurement functions | Range measurement | Display range | Resolution | Accuracy ±(% v.m. + digits) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Interference voltage | 0 V…100 V | 0 V…100 V | 1 V | ±(2% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| Connection and resistance of equi- potential bonding | 0,045 Ω…19,99 kΩ according to EN 61557-4 | 0,000 Ω…19,99 kΩ | from 0,001 Ω | ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| Resistance to earth | ||||
| 3 and 4-wire method | 0,100 Ω…19,9 kΩ according to EN 61557-5 | 0,000 Ω…19,99 kΩ | from 0,001 Ω | desde ±(2% v.m. + 2 digits) |
| 3 wire + clamp method | 0,120 Ω…1999 Ω according to EN 61557-5 | 0,000 Ω…1999 Ω | from 0,001 Ω | desde ±(8% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| two-clamp method | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | 0,00 Ω…149,9 Ω | from 0,01 Ω | desde ±(10% v.m. + 3 digits) |
| drive method impulse 4/10 μs, 8/20 μs, 10/350 μs | 0,0 Ω…199 Ω | 0,0 Ω…199 Ω | from 0,1 Ω | ±(2,5% w.m. + 3 digits) |
| auxiliary electrode resistance | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | 0 Ω…19,9 kΩ | from 1 Ω | ±(5% (RE+RH+RS) + 8 digits) |
| Soil resistivity | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | 0,0 Ωm…999 kΩm | from 0,1 Ωm | Depends on the accuracy of the RE 4p measurement, but not less than ±1 digit |
| Leakage current | 0,1 mA…300 A | 0,1 mA…300 A | from 0,1 mA | from ±(5% w.m. + 5 digits) |